BTech CS II Year

Comparison of Horizontal and Vertical Microprogramming

Aspect Horizontal Microprogramming Vertical Microprogramming Microinstruction Structure Microinstructions are simple and contain single control signals or operations. Microinstructions are detailed and contain all control signals needed for an instruction or operation. Organization Microinstructions are organized horizontally, with each bit or field representing a specific control signal. Microinstructions are organized vertically, Read more…

By tezu.vikash, ago

Hardwired vs Micro-programmed Control Unit Design Approach

Aspect Hardwired Control Microprogrammed Control Control Signal Generation Control signals are generated directly by hardware circuits using combinational logic. Control signals are generated by executing microinstructions stored in control memory (e.g., ROM or PLA). Flexibility Limited flexibility. Changing the instruction set or control logic may require redesigning hardware circuits. More Read more…

By tezu.vikash, ago

Pipelining in COA

  Pipelining is a method where a step-by-step process is split into smaller parts. Each part is handled in its dedicated section that works simultaneously with other sections. Imagine a pipeline as a set of processing stages where binary information moves through. Each stage does part of the job based Read more…

By tezu.vikash, ago
BCS302 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE

Comparison of RISC and CISC architectures

Comparison of RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) and CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing) architectures These are some of the key differences between RISC and CISC architectures. RISC architectures focus on simplicity, streamlined instruction sets, and faster execution of individual instructions, while CISC architectures prioritize flexibility, rich instruction sets, and complex Read more…

By tezu.vikash, ago

Standard Communication Interfaces

standard communication interfaces facilitate the exchange of data between various components, such as the central processing unit (CPU), memory, and peripheral devices. These interfaces define protocols and standards to ensure compatibility and interoperability between different hardware components. Here are some standard communication interfaces: Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI): Description: PCI is Read more…

By tezu.vikash, ago

I/O channels and I/O Processors

I/O Channels: Definition: An I/O channel, also known as an I/O channel controller or I/O channel processor, is a specialized processor or controller dedicated to managing data transfers between the CPU and peripheral devices. Functionality: I/O channels handle the details of data transfer, including managing communication protocols, buffering, error detection Read more…

By tezu.vikash, ago

Programmed I/O

Programmed I/O operations are the result of I/O instructions written in the computer program. Each data item transfer is initiated by an instruction in the program. Usually, the transfer is to and from a CPU register and peripheral. Other instructions are needed to transfer the data to and from CPU Read more…

By tezu.vikash, ago

Modes of Data Transfer

Modes of data transfer in Computer Organization and Architecture (COA) refer to the different methods by which data can be exchanged between the central processing unit (CPU) and peripheral devices. These modes serve specific purposes in managing data flow within a computer system. The primary modes of data transfer include: Read more…

By tezu.vikash, ago